Primary extensive perianal cutaneous tuberculosis: A challenging diagnosis. Case report and a review of the literature.

RATIONALE: Perianal tuberculosis is extremely rare without previous or active pulmonary infection. Ulcerative skin lesion is a rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the oral, perianal, or genital mucosa and the adjacent skin. CASE REPORT: A 71-year-old woman complained of pain during evacuation and fecal incontinence for two years. There was an ulcerated lesion in the perianal and intergluteal region and perianal fistulous tracts. A polymerase chain reaction test on blood and biopsies of perianal ulcers, perianal fistula, and the intergluteal area was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The pathological examination revealed a chronic epithelioid granulomatous inflammatory process with the presence of multinucleated giant cells. After the end of the tuberculosis drug regimen, there was marked improvement in the patient's clinical condition. CONCLUSION: Even in the absence of an identifiable primary focus, tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative and fistulous lesions of the perianal area.

Primary extensive perianal cutaneous tuberculosis: A challenging diagnosis. Case report and a review of the literature

Abstract Rationale Perianal tuberculosis is extremely rare without previous or active pulmonary infection. Ulcerative skin lesion is a rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the oral, perianal, or genital mucosa and the adjacent skin. Case report A 71-year-old woman complained of pain during evacuation and fecal incontinence for two years. There was an ulcerated lesion in the perianal and intergluteal region and perianal fistulous tracts. A polymerase chain reaction test on blood and biopsies of perianal ulcers, perianal fistula, and the intergluteal area was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The pathological examination revealed a chronic epithelioid granulomatous inflammatory process with the presence of multinucleated giant cells. After the end of the tuberculosis drug regimen, there was marked improvement in the patient's clinical condition. Conclusion Even in the absence of an identifiable primary focus, tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative and fistulous lesions of the perianal area.

C-reactive protein levels and prevalence of leukopenia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine and/or mesalazine: a real-life study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine serum C-reactive protein levels and the prevalence of leukopenia in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis undergoing treatment with azathioprine and/or mesalazine. METHODS: Retrospective observational study based on clinical and laboratory data collected from medical records of 76 adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine, mesalazine or both. Sex, age, diagnosis, number of blood samples and elevated serum C-reactive protein levels during the follow-up period were recorded. The following variables were analyzed in terms of C-reactive protein levels and leukopenia episodes: sex, age, diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and type of drug. Statistical analyses included multiple logistic regression and the Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables. RESULTS: Leukopenia was observed in 18.4% of patients and was associated with older age and higher doses of medication. In 44% of patients, C-reactive protein levels were high. However, symptoms were not associated with abnormal levels of this marker. CONCLUSION: Regardless of symptoms, serum C-reactive protein levels were not a reliable indicator of controlled inflammatory bowel disease. Leukopenia was independently associated with older age and higher doses of medication and is a common side effect, which should be routinely monitored.

C-reactive protein levels and prevalence of leukopenia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine and/or mesalazine: a real-life study

ABSTRACT Objective To examine serum C-reactive protein levels and the prevalence of leukopenia in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis undergoing treatment with azathioprine and/or mesalazine. Methods Retrospective observational study based on clinical and laboratory data collected from medical records of 76 adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine, mesalazine or both. Sex, age, diagnosis, number of blood samples and elevated serum C-reactive protein levels during the follow-up period were recorded. The following variables were analyzed in terms of C-reactive protein levels and leukopenia episodes: sex, age, diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and type of drug. Statistical analyses included multiple logistic regression and the Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables. Results Leukopenia was observed in 18.4% of patients and was associated with older age and higher doses of medication. In 44% of patients, C-reactive protein levels were high. However, symptoms were not associated with abnormal levels of this marker. Conclusion Regardless of symptoms, serum C-reactive protein levels were not a reliable indicator of controlled inflammatory bowel disease. Leukopenia was independently associated with older age and higher doses of medication and is a common side effect, which should be routinely monitored.

Epidemiological Pattern of Traumatic Brain Injury in Brazil between 2008 and 2019

Introduction Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a public health problem with high economic impact, as well as an important cause of death and sequela in polytrauma patients, affecting mainly young adults. Objective To analyze the temporal trend of TBI incidence in Brazil between 2008 and 2019, according to age group and gender. Methods An ecological study, based on secondary data from hospital admissions for TBI in all Brazilian states between 2008 and 2019. The numbers were collected using the hospital information systemof the Unified Health System in Brazil.We performed a descriptive analysis using the data obtained. Linear regression models were used to measure the incidence trend of TBI in the period adopted. Results The state of Piauí had the highest increase in the incidence of TBI in the country in the last 10 years (coefficient ß»63.43 e p»0.002). The main concern, though, is the increase in the incidence of TBI amongst children (0­4 years old) in the states of Ceará (ß»31.22 and p<0.001 for boys; ß»42.20 and p<0.001 for girls), Paraná (ß»37.26 and p»0.011 for boys; ß»25.90 and p»0.015 for girls), Pernambuco (ß»20.08 and p»0.016 for girls), Mato Grosso (ß»18.76 and p»0.005 for boys; ß»16.11 and p»0.035 for girls), and Distrito Federal (ß»48.87 and p»0.004 for girls; ß»48.28 and p»0.006 for boys). Conclusion The analysis of the results is able to point out improvements that can be made. Besides that, it is remarkably important to redirect public polices to preventive medicine sincemany of the TBI causes are avoidable through awareness and education of the population.

Dorsal Root Entry Zone Lesioning: Systematic Review

Introduction Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) leasioning (DREZ-otomy) is considered an effective treatment for chronic pain due to spinal cord injuries, brachial and lumbosacral plexus injuries, postherpetic neuralgia, spasticity, and other conditions. The objective of the technique is to cause a selective destruction of the afferent pain fibers located in the dorsal region of the spinal cord. Objective To identify and review the effectiveness and the main aspects related to DREZ-otomy, as well as the etiologies that can be treated with it. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE and LILACS databases were used as bases for this systematic review, having the impact factor as the selection criteria. The 23 selected publications, totalizing 1,099 patients, were organized in a table for systematic analysis. Results Satisfactory pain control was observed in 70.1% of the cases, with the best results being found in patients with brachial/lumbosacral plexus injury (70.8%) and the worst, in patients with trigeminal pain (40% to 67%). Discussion Most of the published articles observed excellent results in the control of chronic pain, especially in cases of plexus injuries. Complications are rare, and can be minimized with the use of new technologies for intraoperative monitoring and imaging. Conclusion DREZ-otomy can be considered a great alternative for the treatment of chronic pain, especially in patients who do not tolerate the side effects of the medications used in the clinical management or have refractory pain.

Safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic Y-en-Roux gastric bypass surgery in obese elderly patients.

Purpose To analyze, in aged obese patients, the weight loss, comorbidity control, and safety postoperative complications of bariatric surgery by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique. Methods Twenty-seven patients who underwent laparoscopic weight-reducing gastroplasty with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to treat obesity were included. All patients were ≥ 60 years old at the time of surgery. The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis, and a p-value ≤0.05it was considered significant. Results Ten (90.9%) patients with dyslipidemia were cured (p < 0.001). Nine (81.8%) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had total improvement and 2 (18.2%) had partial improvement (p = 0.003). In 23 patients with systemic arterial hypertension, 9 (39.1%) achieved total improvement and 14 (60.9%) partial improvement (p = 0.140). Five (71.4%) patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were cured (p = <0.001). For other comorbidities, no partial improvement or cure was shown. Conclusions Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese elderly patients can be performed safely and with low morbidity and mortality rates. The benefits of weight loss and reduced comorbidities are promising and like those of the younger population.

Safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic Y-en-Roux gastric bypass surgery in obese elderly patients

Abstract Purpose To analyze, in aged obese patients, the weight loss, comorbidity control, and safety postoperative complications of bariatric surgery by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique. Methods Twenty-seven patients who underwent laparoscopic weight-reducing gastroplasty with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to treat obesity were included. All patients were ≥ 60 years old at the time of surgery. The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis, and a p-value ≤0.05it was considered significant. Results Ten (90.9%) patients with dyslipidemia were cured (p < 0.001). Nine (81.8%) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had total improvement and 2 (18.2%) had partial improvement (p = 0.003). In 23 patients with systemic arterial hypertension, 9 (39.1%) achieved total improvement and 14 (60.9%) partial improvement (p = 0.140). Five (71.4%) patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were cured (p = <0.001). For other comorbidities, no partial improvement or cure was shown. Conclusions Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese elderly patients can be performed safely and with low morbidity and mortality rates. The benefits of weight loss and reduced comorbidities are promising and like those of the younger population.

Fratura zigomática tratada com fixação em ponto único (single point) / Zigomatic fracture treated with single point

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de fixação de zigoma em ponto único "single point". Relato do caso: Paciente do gênero masculino, 58 anos, saudável, pardo, foi encaminhado ao Pronto Socorro Municipal do município de Osasco/SP relatando ter sido assaltado, sofrendo trauma facial. Ao exame físico específico observou-se perda de projeção zigomática direita, degrau palpável na sutura fronto zigomática, degrau mínimo no rebordo infra orbital e movimentação ocular normal, sem perda de sensibilidade na porção infra orbital. O paciente foi informado do diagnóstico e necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico. Após exames laboratoriais e consentimento, foi submetido a procedimento composto por: acesso supratarsal, exposição da fratura, redução, checagem da projeção e fixação utilizando miniplaca 2.0 mm. Procedeu-se a nova checagem da posição do zigoma onde verificou-se a resolução do degrau na margem infraorbital. No controle pós-operatório, observou-se abertura bucal normal e restauração da projeção zigomática. Conclusão: Quando corretamente indicadas, as fixações em ponto único trazem benefícios como menores custos, menor morbidade, melhora da estética facial e redução do risco de ocorrer lesões sensoriais e o incômodo quando são utilizadas as miniplacas e parafusos.

Aim: To report a case of single-point zygoma fixation. Case report: A 58-year-old male, healthy, brown patient was referred to the Municipal Emergency Room in the city of Osasco / SP, reporting that he had been assaulted, suffering facial trauma. At the specific physical examination, there was loss of right zygomatic projection, palpable step in the zygomatic frontal suture, minimal step in the infraorbital border and normal ocular movement, without loss of sensitivity in the infra-orbital portion. The patient was informed of the diagnosis and the need for surgical treatment. After laboratory tests and consent, the patient was submitted to a procedure consisting of: supratarsal access, fracture exposure, reduction, check of the projection and fixation using mini-plate 2.0 mm. A new check of the zygoma position was performed, where the resolution of the step in the infraorbital margin was verified. Postoperative control revealed a normal oral opening and restoration of the zygomatic projection. Conclusion: When correctly indicated, single-point fixations bring benefits such as lower costs, lower morbidity, improved facial aesthetics and reduced risk of sensory lesions, and discomfort when using miniplates and screws.

Desconfortos associados às cirurgias de extração dentária e construção de instrumento de medida (QCirDental). Parte I: impactos e consistência interna / Discomfort associated with dental extraction surgery and development of a questionnaire (QCirDental). Part I: Impacts and internal consistency

Resumo O estudo objetivou criar um instrumento de medida que pudesse quantificar os desconfortos associados ao procedimento cirúrgico de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias dento-alveolares (QCirDental). O instrumento QCirDental foi desenvolvido em duas etapas iniciais: (1) geração e seleção das perguntas ou itens e, (2) teste do instrumento com avaliação das propriedades de medida (consistência interna e responsividade). A amostra foi composta por 123 pacientes. Nenhum deles apresentou qualquer dificuldade em entender o QCirDental. O instrumento mostrou excelente consistência interna com coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,83. A análise de componentes principais (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0,72 e Bartlett's Test of Sphericity com p < 0,001) mostrou seis (6) dimensões do instrumento que explicam 67,5% da variância. O QCirDental possui excelente consistência interna, sendo um instrumento de fácil leitura e interpretação compatível com uma adequada validade semântica e de conteúdo. Mais de 80% dos pacientes submetidos a extrações dentárias de rotina odontológica apresentam algum desconforto ou incomodo no período transoperatório o que ressalta a necessidade de utilização de um instrumento para avaliação de cuidados.

Abstract The scope of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire (QCirDental) to measure the impacts associated with dental extraction surgery. The QCirDental questionnaire was developed in two steps; (1) question and item generation and selection, and (2) pretest of the questionnaire with evaluation of the its measurement properties (internal consistency and responsiveness). The sample was composed of 123 patients. None of the patients had any difficulty in understanding the QCirDental. The instrument was found to have excellent internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.83. The principal component analysis (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0,72 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity with p < 0.001) showed six (6) dimensions explaining 67.5% of the variance. The QCirDental presented excellent internal consistency, being a questionnaire that is easy to read and understand with adequate semantic and content validity. More than 80% of the patients who underwent dental extraction reported some degree of discomfort within the perioperative period which highlights the necessity to assess the quality of care and impacts of dental extraction surgery.

[Discomfort associated with dental extraction surgery and development of a questionnaire (QCirDental). Part I: Impacts and internal consistency]. / Desconfortos associados às cirurgias de extração dentária e construção de instrumento de medida (QCirDental). Parte I: impactos e consistência interna.

The scope of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire (QCirDental) to measure the impacts associated with dental extraction surgery. The QCirDental questionnaire was developed in two steps; (1) question and item generation and selection, and (2) pretest of the questionnaire with evaluation of the its measurement properties (internal consistency and responsiveness). The sample was composed of 123 patients. None of the patients had any difficulty in understanding the QCirDental. The instrument was found to have excellent internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.83. The principal component analysis (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0,72 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity with p < 0.001) showed six (6) dimensions explaining 67.5% of the variance. The QCirDental presented excellent internal consistency, being a questionnaire that is easy to read and understand with adequate semantic and content validity. More than 80% of the patients who underwent dental extraction reported some degree of discomfort within the perioperative period which highlights the necessity to assess the quality of care and impacts of dental extraction surgery.

O estudo objetivou criar um instrumento de medida que pudesse quantificar os desconfortos associados ao procedimento cirúrgico de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias dento-alveolares (QCirDental). O instrumento QCirDental foi desenvolvido em duas etapas iniciais: (1) geração e seleção das perguntas ou itens e, (2) teste do instrumento com avaliação das propriedades de medida (consistência interna e responsividade). A amostra foi composta por 123 pacientes. Nenhum deles apresentou qualquer dificuldade em entender o QCirDental. O instrumento mostrou excelente consistência interna com coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,83. A análise de componentes principais (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0,72 e Bartlett's Test of Sphericity com p < 0,001) mostrou seis (6) dimensões do instrumento que explicam 67,5% da variância. O QCirDental possui excelente consistência interna, sendo um instrumento de fácil leitura e interpretação compatível com uma adequada validade semântica e de conteúdo. Mais de 80% dos pacientes submetidos a extrações dentárias de rotina odontológica apresentam algum desconforto ou incomodo no período transoperatório o que ressalta a necessidade de utilização de um instrumento para avaliação de cuidados.

Ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of parotid abscess.

Ultrasound (US) has been used as a tool for parotid abscess diagnosis and treatment. The present article aimed to report a case of 72-year-old woman with parotid abscess treated by US-guided needle aspiration and conventional surgical drainage. Along with the clinical report, indications, advantages, and limitations of the method are discussed.

Uso de malha de titânio no tratamento de fraturas de assoalho de órbita: relato de caso / The use of titanium mesh in the treatment of the orbital floor fractures: case report

As fraturas do osso zigomático são traumatismos faciais comuns e representam ou as fraturas mais comuns ou a segunda em frequência, após as fraturas nasais. A incidência, etiologia, idade e predisposição por sexo nas fraturas zigomáticas varia de acordo com o status social, econômico, político e educacional da população estudada. Devido ao fato que o contorno facial é influenciado pelas estruturas ósseas subjacentes, o zigoma representa um papel fundamental no contorno facial. A alteração da posição do zigoma também tem um grande significado funcional, pois cria alterações oculares e na função mandibular. A terapia adequada para o trauma de órbita é sempre complexa e requer que o cirurgião esteja familiarizado com a anatomia detalhada da órbita e o padrão de dano dos componentes de tecido moles e duros. Vários materiais aloplásticos são usados no reparo de fraturas da parede orbitária. Reparo da fratura orbital que usa malha de titânio proporciona reprodução estável e segura da parede de órbita, enquanto oferece resultados funcionais e cosméticos excelentes, comparáveis com outros materiais de aloplásticos. Apresentamos um caso de fratura de assoalho de órbita tratada com malha de titânio pré-fabricada. A malha de titânio é um material muito seguro para reconstrução de fraturas blow out e restauração do volume da órbita.

Zygomatic fractures are common facial injuries, representing either the most common facial fracture or the second in frequency after nasal fractures. The incidence, etiology, age, and sex predilection of zygomatic injuries vary, depending largely on the social, economic, political, and educational status of the population studied. Since the gross shape of the face is influenced largely by the underlying osseous structure, the zygoma plays an important role in facial contour. Disruption of zygomatic position also has great functional significance because it creates impairment of ocular and mandibular function. Trauma to the orbit is always complex, and adequate therapy requires that the surgeon be familiar with the detailed anatomy of the orbit and the pattern of injury of the soft and hard tissue components. Various alloplastic materials are used in orbital wall reconstruction. Orbital fracture repair using mesh titanium orbital implants provides reliable and reproducible stabilization of orbital wall defects, while offering outstanding functional and cosmetic results comparable with other alloplastic materials. We present a case report of blow out fracture treated which prefabricated titanium mesh in their repair. Mesh titanium implant is a very reliable material for reconstruction of the orbital blow-out fractures and restoration of the orbital volume.

Estudo retrospectivo de 59 pacientes tratados com enxertos ósseos autógenos intrabucais e implantes dentais / Retrospective study of 59 patients treated with intraoral autogenous bone graft and dental implants

A reconstrução da região craniomaxilofacial pode necessitar da combinação de enxertos ósseos e colocação de implantes endósseos para ancoragem de próteses intrabucais. Foi feito um estudo retrospectivo de 59 pacientes que receberam enxertos ósseos autógenos bucais para instalação de implantes dentais. Foram coletados dados demográficos, local da área doadora intrabucal, local da área receptora, complicações na área doadora e área receptora, tipos de implantes instalados e perda dos implantes. Os dados foram expressos em percentuais. As mulheres representaram 77,96%. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 34,8 anos. A sínfise mandibular foi a principal área doadora (65,21%). A região anterior da maxila foi a principal área receptora 57%. Complicações como perda, reabsorção e infecção do enxerto foram observadas em 7,42%. A utilização de enxertos ósseos autógenos obteve 92,75% de sucesso.

Reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial region may require a combination of bone grafting and placement of endosseous implants for anchorage of intraoral prostheses. A retrospective study was performed in 59 patient that received autogenous oral bone grafts for installation of dental implants. Demographic data were collected, place of the intraoral donor area, place of the receiving area, complications in the donor and receiving area, types of installed implants and loss of the implants. The data were expressed in percentage. The women represented 77,96%. The average of the patients’ age was of 34,8 years. The mandibular sinfisis was the main area donor (65,21%). The anterior maxillary area was the main receiving area 57%. Complications as loss, reabsorption and infection of the graft were observed in 7,42%. The use autogenous bone grafts had 92,75% of success.

Tratamento de mandíbulas atróficas / Atrophic mandible treatment

A atrofia mandibular é uma doença universal caracterizada pela extensa reabsorção óssea com consequências graves aos pacientes. A instabilidade da prótese total devido à reabsorção mandibular leva a deficiência mastigatória, dores decorrrentes da compressão do nervo mentual, alterações estéticas, fonéticas e psicológicas. Durante décadas os cirurgiões maxilofaciais apresentaram inúmeros procedimentos cirúrgicos com vistas ao tratamento da atrofia mandibular. Entretanto o fenômeno das recidivas estava presente na quase totalidade das técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas. O tratamento atual alia modernas técnicas de enxertia óssea associada aos implantes osseointegrados permite a reabilitação protética ideal nestes pacientes, pois, devolve a forma e o contorno mandibular, além de permitir a confecção de próteses sobre implantes. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema atrofia da mandíbula, bem como relata o tratamento de um paciente com uma mandíbula severamente reabsorvida tratada pela técnica da enxertia óssea com expansão de tecidos moles e implantes imediatos.

The atrophy mandibular is an universal disease characterized by the extensive bone reabsorption with serious consequences to the patients. The instability of the total prosthesis due to the reabsorption mandibular takes the deficiency mastigatory, pains because of the compression of the nervementual, aesthetic alterations, phonetics and psychological. During decades the maxilo-facial surgeons presented countless surgical procedures with views to the treatment of the atrophy mandibular. However the phenomenon of the recurrences was present in the almost totality of the techniques surgical maids. The current treatment allies modern techniques of bone graft associated to the dental implants allows the ideal prosthetic rehabilitation in these patient ones because it returns the form and the outline mandibular, besides allowing the making of prostheses on implants. This article presents a revision of the literature on the theme atrophy of the jaw, as well as he/she tells a patient’s treatment severely with a jaw reabsorbed treated by the technique of the bone graft with expansion of soft tissue and immediate dental implants.

Diagnóstico de fraturas do terço médio facial: Indicação da técnica radiográfica occipto-mental (Waters) com máxima abertura de boca / Midface fracture diagnosis: indication of the occipitomental radiograph (Waters? view) with maximum mouth opening

Objetivo: Este trabalho analisou as vantagens e limitações da técnica radiográfica occiptomental (Waters) com máxima abertura de boca para o diagnóstico de fraturas do terço médio da face. Descrição do caso: O diagnóstico de fraturas faciais é auxiliado por técnicas radiográficas após realização de exame clínico criterioso. Classicamente, no pronto-atendimento solicitam-se 4 a 5 incidências, que aumentam o tempo de atendimento, os custos e a dose total de radiação recebida pelo paciente. A técnica occipto-mental (Waters) originalmente descrita para seios de face permite avaliação da cavidade orbitária, processo alveolar, crista e corpo do zigomático. Recentemente, a literatura tem sugerido a técnica de Waters como única incidência a ser solicitada no exame inicial do paciente, substituindo as incidências descritas anteriormente; com isso, haveria a diminuição da dose de radiação, no tempo de atendimento ao paciente e nos custos por radiografia sem prejudicar o diagnóstico das fraturas do terço médio facial. Apesar de ser indicada como incidência única, a técnica de Waters gera sobreposição óssea na região inferior do terço médio, impedindo uma perfeita visualização desta porção. Conclusão: Indicamos uma variante desta técnica, com máxima abertura de boca, pois possibilita a avaliação da porção inferior do terço médio sem sobreposição, sendo uma das poucas incidências convencionais que permite a visualização de fraturas tranversais do palato.

Purpose: This paper reviews the advantages and limitations of the occipitomental view (Waters) with maximum mouth opening for the diagnosis of midfacial fractures. Case description: The diagnosis of facial fractures is supported by radiographic techniques after an accurate clinical exam. In Accident & Emergency departments (A&E) four or five radiographs often are taken, which increases clinical time, costs, and radiation exposure. The most used radiographic view is the occipitomental view (OM), which was first described for facial sinus and allows evaluation of the orbital floor, zigomatic processes, buttress, and arches. Recent literature has suggested the use of the OM view as a single radiographic exam for initial patient screening, reducing radiation exposure, clinical time, and costs without compromising the identification of midfacial fractures. However, the Water's technique generates bone image superimposition at the inferior midface, preventing perfect visualization of this region. Conclusion: We indicate a modified Water's view taken with maximum mouth opening, which allows proper evaluation of the inferior midface and the visualization of transversal palatal fractures.

Tratamento de fístula bucosinusal através de retalho palatino / Treatment of Orcantral Fistula by Palantal Rotation Flap

A extração dentária é o fator mais comumente associado à comunicação entre a cavidade bucal e o seio maxilar - comunicação bucosinusal ou oroantral. Este tipo de complicação normalmente ocorre devido à falha no diagnóstico e execução técnica durante exodontias de dentes com raízes intimamente relacionadas ao assoalho do seio maxilar. O tratamento imediato, sempre que possível, deve ser instituído. Entretanto, o tratamento tardio de comunicações antigas e suas seqüelas requer habilidade e experiência na escolha da técnica a ser empregada. Objetiva-se demonstrar a técnica de fechamento de fístulas bucosinusais por meio de rotação de retalho palatino que foi utilizada em dois casos de diferentes origens e tempos de evolução. Em vista do exposto, pode-se considerar que esta técnica apresenta as vantagens de boa irrigação do retalho sem tensão tecidual, preservação do fundo de sulco vestibular sendo eficaz e com resultados satisfatórios em comunicações tardias de tamanhos variados

SAPHO syndrome with temporomandibular joint ankylosis: clinical, radiological, histopathological, and therapeutical correlations.

The SAPHO syndrome is characterized by specific clinical manifestations of synovitis, acne pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. It is a rare disease with a combination of osseous and articular manifestations associated with skin lesions. We describe a patient with SAPHO syndrome of the mandible and involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ ankylosis). The findings from orthopantomography, computed tomography (CT), and clinical and histopathological examinations are compared and analyzed to improve the final diagnosis. Our patient was submitted to a bilateral high condylectomy and coronoidectomy to correct the open mouth limitation. No previous report of SAPHO syndrome associated with secondary TMJ ankylosis was found in the literature.

Alveolite: ocorrência e tratamento em consultórios odontológicos de Araçatuba/SP / Dry Socket: occurence and treatment at dental offices in Araçatuba/SP

A alveolite trata-se de uma condição na qual o alvéolo dental não apresenta uma via normal de reparação, transformando-se num grande problema para a prática clínica. Em razão de sua ocorrência, complicações e peculiaridades, essa enfermidade ainda é um assunto bastante discutido na classe odontológica. Inúmeros tratamentos são propostos para a cura da alveolite, entretanto, podem não fazer parte do conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas, dado o esquecimento e a baixa freqüencia com que ocorre atualmente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência dessa complicação pós-exodôntica, em consultórios odontológicos particulares de Araçatuba/SP, e a capacitação dos cirurgiões-dentistas para o seu tratamento. Para isso, 100 profissionais foram entrevistados e 53 por cento deles relataram a existência de casos de alveolite em seus consultórios odontológicos, sendo empregado corretamente o tratamento local à cura dessa complicação, associado a medicação sistêmica

Fratura mandibular por projétil de arma de fogo / Mandibular fracture by firearm

Os ferimentos por arma de fogo constituem problema de saúde pública mundial. A região maxilofacial tem sidoalvo constante desse tipo de injúria que vem aumentando proporcionalmente o índice de violência, principalmenteem grandes centros urbanos. Essa lesão apresenta padrão extremamente variável, podendo lesar estruturas vitais e gerar e hemorragias de difícil controle, necessitando de equipe multidisciplinar para efetuar o tratamento adequado. Quando esses ferimentos atingem os ossos da face, predominam as fraturas de padrão cominuído na mandíbula e ferimento transfixante na maxila. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar caso clínico e discutir métodos de tratamento para as fraturas mandibulares causadas por projétil de arma defogo, e a tendência verificada recentemente na literatura em substituir o tratamento fechado pelo uso defixação de fratura com placas e parafusos.